Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable cancers when detected early. It develops in the cells of the cervix—the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Most cases are linked to persistent infection with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted virus.
Regular screening and timely treatment can significantly reduce the risk of advanced cervical cancer. If you experience unusual symptoms, consult Dr. Richi Khandelwal for expert evaluation and personalized care.
What Causes Cervical Cancer?
The primary cause of cervical cancer is a long-term infection with high-risk HPV strains, especially HPV-16 and HPV-18. While many HPV infections clear naturally, some persist and may lead to abnormal cell changes over time.
Other risk factors include:
- Persistent HPV infection
- Smoking
- Weak immune system
- Multiple sexual partners
- Early sexual activity
- Long-term use of oral contraceptive pills
- Family history of cervical cancer
- Lack of regular Pap smear screening
Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
Early-stage cervical cancer often has no noticeable symptoms, making regular screening essential.
As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding between periods
- Bleeding after sexual intercourse
- Bleeding after menopause
- Unusual vaginal discharge with foul smell
- Pelvic pain
- Pain during intercourse
- Lower back pain
- Frequent urination or painful urination (advanced cases)
If you notice any of these symptoms, seek medical advice promptly.
How Is Cervical Cancer Diagnosed?
Doctors may recommend one or more of the following tests:
- Pap Smear Test: Detects abnormal cervical cells.
- HPV Test: Identifies high-risk HPV infection.
- Colposcopy: Examines the cervix using a magnifying instrument.
- Biopsy: Confirms the presence of cancer cells.
- CT Scan, MRI, or PET Scan: Determines whether cancer has spread.
Early diagnosis greatly improves treatment outcomes.
Treatment Options for Cervical Cancer
Treatment depends on the cancer stage, age, overall health, and future pregnancy plans.
1. Surgery
Suitable for early-stage cervical cancer. Procedures may include removal of abnormal tissue, the cervix, or the uterus depending on disease severity.
2. Radiation Therapy
Uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. It may be given alone or with chemotherapy.
3. Chemotherapy
Medicines are used to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors before surgery or radiation.
4. Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy
Advanced cervical cancer may benefit from newer treatments that specifically target cancer cells or strengthen the immune system.
Can Cervical Cancer Be Prevented?
Yes. Many cases are preventable through:
- HPV vaccination
- Regular Pap smear and HPV screening
- Safe sexual practices
- Avoiding smoking
- Maintaining a healthy immune system
- Routine gynecological checkups
Early prevention and screening remain the best defense against cervical cancer.
When Should You See a Doctor?
Do not ignore symptoms such as abnormal bleeding, persistent pelvic pain, or unusual vaginal discharge. Women aged 21–65 years should undergo regular cervical cancer screening as recommended by their healthcare provider.
If you’re looking for comprehensive women’s healthcare, schedule a consultation with Dr. Richi Khandelwal for cervical cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment.
FAQs:
Persistent infection with high-risk HPV is the leading cause of cervical cancer.
Yes. When diagnosed early, cervical cancer has a high success rate with appropriate treatment.
Early stages usually have no symptoms. Later signs include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and unusual discharge.
Most cervical cancers are caused by HPV infection rather than inherited genetic factors.
Yes. The HPV vaccine significantly reduces the risk of cervical cancer caused by high-risk HPV strains.